Syntax and Semantics

Python is a high-level programming language known for its readability and simplicity. Let's break down the key concepts and syntax:

Variables

• Variables store values and are created without specifying their data type.
• Assignment operator (=) assigns values to variables.
• Example: my_name = "John"

Data Types

• Python dynamically determines data types.
• Common types include:
  • Integers (e.g., 123)
  • Floats (e.g., 12.34)
  • Strings (e.g., "Hello")
  • Booleans (e.g., True, False)

Conditional Statements

• if statements evaluate conditions and execute code if True.
• elif and else clauses provide alternative paths.
• Example:

  if my_age > 18:
      print("You are an adult.")
  elif my_age < 18:
      print("You are a minor.")
  else:
      print("You are 18 years old.")
  

Loop Statements

• for loops iterate over sequences.
• while loops execute until a condition becomes False.
• Example:

  for item in my_list:
      print(item)
  

Functions

• Functions encapsulate reusable code blocks.
• Defined using the def keyword.
• Arguments are passed within parentheses.
• Example:

  def greet(name):
      print("Hello, " + name)
  greet("John")
  

Classes

• Classes define templates for creating objects.
• Objects have attributes and methods.
• Example:

  class Person:
      def __init__(self, name, age):
          self.name = name
          self.age = age
  person1 = Person("John", 30)
  print(person1.name)  # Prints "John"
  

Basic Example:

# Create a variable
my_name = "John"

# Print the variable
print("Hello, " + my_name)

# Check if the name is "John"
if my_name == "John":
    print("You are John!")